Hurricane :: essays research papers

â€Å"Safety in Hurricanes† Tropical storms are one of the most harming powers of nature. These hurricanes, with potential breezes rates of more than eighty miles for each hour, can possibly obliterate millions†¦including you. Which is the reason I keep in touch with you, the number of inhabitants in Southern Florida, in order to inform you about the perils of storms. Numerous insurances have been taken before. However, some wellbeing measures are questionable. Having the demeanor of â€Å" Oh†¦what are the odds of a storm hitting me?† or â€Å" What are the chances of that event to me?† won't outperform as a legitimization for not playing it safe. The truth of the matter is tropical storms give almost no admonition time and it is completely important that you clean your home and yard, make arrangements for departure of relatives, and get flood protection.  â â â â One of the most significant security steps is cleaning around your home, since materials in your yard can fill in as rockets. The conceivable 300 to 400 mile length of the normal tropical storm can change items, for example, dead tree appendages, play area gear, and some other â€Å"loose† materials in your yard into destructive shots focused at your home. That is the reason it is essential to cut dead appendages just as trim back any frail appendages. Alongside objects in your yard, your have can get perilous during a storm. To protect the inhabitant’s wellbeing, boarding windows to keep away from â€Å"shooting† glass is exceptionally basic. I would recommend perpetual shades, however this can turn out to be pricey. Another option is utilizing sheets of one-half inch pressed wood.      Secondly, you should make departure arrangements for your relatives. Arranging a departure course is basic. You can call neighborhood crisis the executives workplaces and decide the speediest, most secure course to an asylum. However, ensure you make a clearing plan for you pets. Pets may not be permitted into crisis covers for wellbeing and space reasons. You can call your neighborhood sympathetic culture with respect to nearby creature covers. By and large, you ought to be prepared to travel twenty to fifty miles away to a safe house so ensure you are provided with abundant gas.  â â â â Tropical storms bring floods inland. Each individual living in southern Florida should investigate flood protection. Like I said before, you ought not have the disposition of â€Å" It will never happen to me†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in light of the fact that it can, it is called Murphy’s Law and it expresses that what ever you believe is to the least extent liable to happen will occur.

Biographical Sketch Essays - Beard, Facial Hair, Hairstyles

Personal Sketch Essays - Beard, Facial Hair, Hairstyles Personal Sketch This is a historical sketch about my individual, Walter Walles. He was conceived around 1830 and 1850, he lived for a long time. He was conceived in Europe, at seven years old he moved to New York. At the point when he moved, he brought numerous things with him, for example, furniture, food, gems, and certain characteristics. His folks moved so they could give their child superior instruction. Walter went to the best schools of New York to turn into a specialist. He was a awesome understudy his folks where diamond setters who claimed numerous uncommon gems, the name of their shop is still around, Walles Jewelers. He kept on concentrating in New York, until he turned into a fruitful and renowned specialist, physicist. Walter was a sensible individual and adored doctoring, it was his obsession, yet he didn't let popularity get to him. Rather he gave loads of cash to needy individuals and good cause. As a specialist he made numerous clinical revelations, yet they would be unrefined practices today. Walles gave early indications of being a specialist since he would investigate little creatures with apparatuses he made out of: stone, bronze, and sticks. He went uncovered at an early age due to all the synthetic concoctions that he tried different things with. This additionally made another fascinating side effect, mind boggling quickly developing facial hair he grew a major whiskers, yet a spot in the center of his head there would grow a little fix of hair, so he wound up shaving his head. A few people thought he looked clever with his facial hair and shaved spot and his whiskers, so this giveaway too many epithets, for example, Slick, Baldy, Godzilla, Wally, Walt. Walt was a mainstay of the network. In many pictures that were taken of him he looked intense and mean, yet that isn't in this way, regularly he would joke around with his patients expressing such things as: Gracious, that is a bad twisted, we should sever that arm. and telling individuals that he evacuated there bladder, when truly he was assume to evacuate there index. Wally had fairly bleak comical inclination yet he however he was amusing. This image was taken not long before he kicked the bucket, he glanced youthful in it, however he was just 88. One day he was trying different things with some volitle synthetic concoctions to attempt to fix Gonorrhea, anyway a response that he had not expected exploded on him turning the house that he lived in. Into only ruble and earth. Walter carried on with a cheerful and effective existence with his dreary comical inclination and his testing of synthetic concoctions. That finishes up my story.

Essay Examples - Useful Tips To Make Your Essay Writing More Effective

Essay Examples - Useful Tips To Make Your Essay Writing More EffectiveThe best critical essay samples are usually those that have been hand-picked by some kind of a writing teacher. Students who opt to spend time on essay writing will find this type of writing very difficult because it is very hard to read and it requires a lot of reading comprehension skills.Essay writing is not the same as other types of writing. Students who choose to do essay writing will find that they have to be familiar with various types of written work, including essays. Most of the time, students who go through college are required to complete at least two years of English degree before they are allowed to write their own dissertation.Essay writing is not just for students anymore. Even people who have never been taught how to write an essay will find that they can easily learn all about the different forms of essay writing with the help of some quality essay samples. When you decide to try writing your own essay, you need to know what you are getting into before you begin.There are many reasons why it is good to read a lot of essay examples. It is good to know the common mistakes that students make when writing essays. While most of the essays that students are required to write are all essay samples, there are still instances when students will be assigned to write a critical essay.In this case, it is important that they get used to writing critical essays. If they do not have a lot of experience, they may make some of the common errors that essay writers make. The best way to avoid making these common mistakes is to read as many essay samples as possible.Many students that study hard and pay attention to essay samples do find it easier to write essays. It is also helpful if the student is able to get practice from some of the better writers that have already written essays. When you write with the helpof essay samples, you will be able to see how others write and you will be able t o learn from their mistakes.Essay writing is not all about being able to know what to say or all about grammar. If you are a good writer, you will also be able to write an essay that will interest your readers. When you are able to grab their attention in your essay, you will be able to convince them to read what you have to say. It is important to remember that if you are able to grab their attention in your essay, you will be able to convince them to read what you have to say.A lot of writers are familiar with writing essays. They know that it is something that takes a lot of practice. Writing an essay can be so much fun, but you should be aware that it is not easy to write an essay without any help. There are some resources available that will help you learn how to write an essay, including essay samples.

Their Eyes Were Watching God - 2014 Words

In the opening paragraphs of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the narrator writes, â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board.† For Men, these wishes â€Å"sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by time.† For women, â€Å"the dream is the truth† (Houston 1), then they act and do things accordingly. Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Janie Crawford in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God both have a cherished aspiration unfulfilled that caused a void in their life when that dream was not realized. Indeed, despite the strong human yearning to fulfill a dream, not everyone can achieve†¦show more content†¦Janie refuses to believe that love does not accompany marriage. After two unhappy unions, she remains committed to the idea that she will find true love in the future. She realizes after Joe’s death that she will go off down the road in search of people, not materialistic possessions. â€Å"Here Nanny had taken the biggest thing God ever made, the horizon. She hated the old woman who had twisted her so in the name of love† (Hurston 89). Janie blames Nanny for planting a distorted view of love in her mind. Nanny was nearly successful in taking Janie’s dream for love from her, forcing Janie to separate herself from Nanny in order to reach her dream. The journey to achieve what one wants to become will at times be suspended due to others attempting to persuade another to take a different course in direction. Unlike others, Janie is not influenced by Nanny and remains persistent on what she wants. Jay Gatsby also has a distorted view of love and how to achieve it. This distorted view leads him to accumulate wealth and woo Daisy with materialistic possessions, hoping it would win her over from Tom Buchanan. Gatsby’s car is representative of his success. â€Å"It was a rich cream color, bright and there in its monstrous length...† (Fitzgerald 64). Nick continues to describe Gatsby’s car as being extravagant and grandeur. Gatsby attempts to flaunt his riches in an effort to appeal to Daisy’s desire for a

Mussolinis Foreign Policy Essay - 663 Words

Mussolinis Foreign Policy Mussolini considered foreign policy to be so important that he acted as his own Foreign Minister. After 1936 he gave it to his son in law Count Ciano. Through him, Mussolini still retained control. His foreign policy was expansionist and was also used to sort out domestic problems. Frequently he sought to distract attention from internal problems while at the same time trying to impress Italians with success abroad. Mussolini tended to be the aggressor rather than the conciliator, believing it was better to be feared than liked. The main areas of planned Fascist expansion were to be the Balkans, North Africa and the Mediterranean was to become an Italian lake. His†¦show more content†¦After WWI Italy longed for peace. Mussolini enjoyed signing peace pacts with foreign countries and signed 8 pacts between 1926-1930. He wanted Italy to remain a great European power but secretly hoped that she might one day become a world power. He won acclaim in Italy by signing the Treaty of Locarno in 192 confirming the Versailles division of Europe and the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928 by which he committed Italy to renounce war as an instrument of policy. For some time, Mussolini had been casting his eyes towards Africa especially Abyssinia (now Ethiopia). The Italians invaded Abyssinia in Oct 1935 without first declaring war. By employing aeroplane bombs, machine guns and poison gas on a large scale, the Italians had little difficulty in overcoming Abyssinian resistance. But Abyssinia was a League of Nations member and its emperor, Haile Selaisse, applied for help. Italy was condemned as an aggressor and economic sanctions were imposed, but were of little use. In May 1936 Marshal Badoglio led the capture of the Abyssinian capital, Addis Ababa. Mussolini declared the creation of an Italian empire with Victor Emmanuel III as emperor. However this incident caused the withdrawal of Italy from the league in 1937. A further consequence of the Abyssinian incident was that it drove Mussolini to have closer ties with Hitlers Germany. HitlerShow MoreRelatedMussolinis Foreign Policy1910 Words   |  8 PagesMUSSOLINI’S FOREIGN POLICY In the early days of Mussolini’s regime (he came to power in 1922), Italian foreign policy seemed rather confused: Mussolini knew what he wanted, which was ‘to make Italy great, respected and feared.’ But he was not sure how to achieve this, apart from agitating for a revision of the 1919 peace settlement in Italy’s favour. At first he seemed to think an adventurous foreign policy was his best line of action, hence the Corfu Incident and the occupation of Fiume in 1923Read MoreTo What Extent Was Mussolinis Foreign Policy a Failure from 1933-411905 Words   |  8 PagesHow far do you agree that Mussolini’s foreign policy in the years 1933-41 was a complete failure? I want to make Italy great, respected and feared said Mussolini in 1925. Mussolinis foreign policy included a number of positive and negative factors which all contributed to the rise, and the ultimately to the downfall, of both Mussolini and the Italian empire. Mussolini was intent on revising the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles and was very keen to show off Italys power. He felt that ItalyRead MoreEvaluate the Successes and Failures of Mussolini’s Domestic Policies1482 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluate the successes and failures of Mussolini’s domestic policies By 1925, Mussolini had achieved a totalitarian regime, but now he needed to spread fascism into every area of life for the Italians, â€Å"everything within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State†. As a Dictator with clear aims, Mussolini tried to replace all past policies with new ones which would help to achieve his fascist ideologies; these included the various economic â€Å"Battles† and the establishment ofRead MoreEssay on Italy in World War II1093 Words   |  5 Pageseconomically. (1) Mussolini, along with Hitler, pushed towards a nation that was free of Jews, and would consist solely of the perfect man. Mussolini’s goal was to create an ultimate Italian empire, in alliance with Hitler’s Germany. (2) The manner in which Mussolini and the Fascist Party gained possession of the government was regarded in most foreign circles as an illegal act of violence. (3) As the nation of Italy began to suffer great debts, Mussolini had been summoned by the King to formRead MoreThe Successes and Failures of Mussolinis Domestic Policies in Italy Between 1922 and 19391101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Successes and Failures of Mussolinis Domestic Policies in Italy Between 1922 and 1939 Similar to those of Hitler, Mussolini’s main goals were to create an Italian state with a strong identity and role within Europe with a powerful military force. From the day he became Prime Minister on October 29th, 1922 of a coalition government, he lacked a certain skill in organization. It was not quite clear what exactly Mussolini wanted to do, and it seemed as though he madeRead MoreMain Causes And Consequences Of The Abyssinian Crisis Of 19351214 Words   |  5 PagesAbyssinian Crisis played an important role in creating a bridge between the Wall St Crash and World War Two. Three of the main causes of the Abyssinian crisis were (as mentioned before) the Wall St Crash of 1929, Italy losing the Battle of Adwa 1896 and Mussolinis wish to rebuild a modern Roman Empire. These causes all created short term and long term consequences, for example, the impact on both Italian and Abyssinian people. These causes and consequences linked both to the Wall St Crash and the outbreakRead MoreThe Role of Control and Propaganda in Mussolini’s Reign and Their Importance1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Control and Propaganda in Mussolini’s Reign and Their Importance To discover if either control or propaganda were more or equally important, there are many different areas to look at. Both control and propaganda were used in these areas, but with different effects and policies, while one may have been more necessary than the other. Each area is different and the different mediums that exist within them, such as radio or newspapers, were dealt with individuallyRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Domestic Policies of Hitler and Mussolini1495 Words   |  6 PagesFundamentally, both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler had the same burning desire to each make their nation a respected and economically impregnable Great Power. Mussolini wanted to return Italy to its glory days of the ancient Roman Empire, a domestic policy amongst others which was used as propaganda and to ultimately consolidate his power. A strong economy and a united state were vital for both countries in case of the outbreak of yet another catastrophic war. Everything in the state, nothing outsideRead Moreâ€Å"Mussolinis Economic and Social Policies Only Had Limited Success.† How Far Do You Agree?1797 Words   |  8 Pagesimplemented new social and economic policies which varied in their success. Socially, his policies such as controlling workers worked in the short run as Dopolavoro numbers were high, however in the long run they were a failure, due to the lack of loyalty workers showed to Mussolini during his fall from power after world war one. Mussolinis Battles were the least successful aspect of his policies, with his youth policies also limiting success. Nevertheless his social policy of propaganda through the mediaRead More Mussolini Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesItaly he persisted and gave public speeches, the people loved his ideas. He became one of Italys most intelligent and menacing young Socialist. In November 1914 he published, Il Popolo dItalia, and the prowar group Fasci dAzione Rivoluzionaria. Mussolinis lifeblood went into Il Popolo dItalia. Benito Mussolini became a national force; groups supporting intervention in the war sprang up everywhere. His expectations for the war, was the collapse of society that would bring him to power. His socialist

Analysis of Leviathan by Thomas Hobbles Essays - 964 Words

In the Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argues that an ideal state is one in which the government possess all the power in order to protect the people and provide security is the best. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were inherently evil. He claimed that people will do whatever they want to get whatever they want. He labels this as the state of nature. He claims that the natural state is the place we are in before we are actually influenced by society. He says that this place is total chaos because people only do what benefits them. He describes the natural state of man as one that is wild and chaotic without government. He asserts the idea that man needs and naturally wants order but not being able to do it on our own way is best. He goes on†¦show more content†¦It asserts the argument that people cannot control themselves so they must be controlled and that is far too bleak and does not give any true credibility to man. Hobbes claim that there must be an absolute monarch gives pardon to possible tyrants, communists societies and so much more. But more importantly, it discredits man and aids in the destruction of the individual. His idea of how the world should be run is structured well but not great. There are many ways the Leviathan can fall apart. The first reason why the Leviathan would not work is quite simple. For this assertion I must agree with Hobbes theory that man is naturally evil and selfish because that theory alone destroys his idea of the leviathan working. If the people are evil naturally and a member(s) of the people becomes head of the people, is he or she not evil too? Does it not give that evil person even more power and leverage to be evil? If the governance is smaller than the body but still comprised of members that are or were a part of the body, it is a flawed system because they too would be evil and selfish. Perhaps, giving a person who is selfish and evil by nature the power does not work. There has to be a checks and balance s ystem. Clearly, if we go along with Hobbes’ own account of human nature, there’s no possibility that having on sovereign in charge will lead to a fair and just society. In John Stuart Mill’s On

Volunteer Work free essay sample

Volunteering is an act whereby a person gives out personal time to do something good without gaining any financial rewards. This is ‘classical’ meaning which has changed by social transformations into new volunteering in recent years. The volunteers now have specific expectations and also volunteering has become project orientated ( Rehberg, 2005). METHODS FINDINGS The purpose of the study was to find why Australians do volunteering and three themes were found and these are volunteering, family and costs or rewards. Volunteering The participants were asked what the volunteer work means and majority said it means giving up personal time in order to help without gaining any benefits: Giving up my time to help others less fortunate than myself. (Ken) To me volunteer work is work that you do that you are not paid for and that benefits others, the problem is that I don’t think volunteer work is valued enough. For instance, a friend of mine worked in a community centre for over 20 years. (Phoebe) All of them did not just know the meaning of volunteering; they have actually done some sort of volunteering: Yes I have been volunteering for the past five years at a nursing home. (Mary) When I was much younger I used to help organize the church Saturday Night Socials that we put on for the younger members of the parish. (Fredrick) The study found the typical volunteers are people who have time,and can avoid to work without pay and most of all are with community-minded spirit are and generous: Well, as I said, someone with a community-minded spirit and plenty of spare time. I don’t know of any people who do volunteer work who are working full-time. What with kids and commitments, there just isn’t enough time if you’re working. ( Fredrick) They are passionate about a cause and devote all their spare time to it. They are selfless, generous hearted, hardworking with a tad bit of martyr going on I think. Not someone like me! (Grace) Probably someone who has time and is financially secure enough that they can work without making money. One typical worker is probably the older woman in her 60-70s. Some people do volunteering due to connection to the project or even due to that their family has volunteer in the cause: Where I volunteer there are many women like me who had relatives (my Mum was there) at the nursing home and visited regular†¦When their relatives passed away they continued coming to help out, maybe just to keep in touch. (Mary) You often hear about people who have had an illness or lost a child or whatever, they end-up volunteering for a related cause. (Mary) Often volunteers are connected in some way to their cause – through a family connection( Bernadatte) The study also found that most of people who do international volunteering are young people and so many of them are found to be exceptional, passionate and amazing to be doing this: Helping others in a different country must be an amazing feeling and Louise must be an exceptional person to do this type of work. ( Ken) I think it is great to see young people helping out in these poor countries. ( Mary) Louise clearly has a passion for conservation having traveled internationally. Time In order to volunteer someone has to has time to do so. Some of the volunteers are retired people who are looking to feel the time an still see the volunteering as sort of work : I guess most people who volunteer are retired and have the time to spend on it. (Mary) You thoughts about Katie and her volunteer work? I don’t want to be rude, but she looks like someone who is â€Å"in retirement. What takes most time, how much time spend on work, family ,leisure etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? But no, I guess I see my volunteer work as work. And I suppose you need to have a bit of spare time too – you can’t really dedicate a lot of time to volunteer work if you don’t have it in the first place. ( Fredrick) There is worry about the sustainability of the projects done in developing countries by international volunteers when they leave: It depends on whether the project is going to be sustainable when she leaves, from the photo she seems to be involved with the community, but I guess she won’t be living there for a long time so whatever she is doing needs to be making a difference after she’s gone. Also the study find out that some of the people are wondering if the volunteers can use the money speeding for international volunteering for the communities in their countries, like helping in local church among others : You have to wonder if she could be more useful spending the money and time that got her to Sri Lanka on helping communities here? I spend about a day a week running the community crafts group, a day every second week I volunteer for the Tourist Welcome centre, and also about a day a week representing consumers and carers on various Mental Health committees. In an average week I spend about 12 hours looking after injured wildlife(Bernadette) Costs or Rewards or Motivator As said that volunteering is unpaid work most people believe they can get their rewards by being shown appreciation, recognition and even small gestures: The most important thing I think volunteers should be offered is recognition, there is such a materialistic focus in our society that volunteer work isn’t valued at all, its seem as somehow lesser than the work people get paid for which I think it is wrong, volunteers should be valued more precisely because they are not getting paid for working. You don’t volunteer to be thanked, but it is good to know that your effort is acknowledged and appreciated. You need to know you actually did something. (Anna) For example, I got a lovely letter last week from the sister of a gentleman who has been shuffled between the Townsville hospital and the police cells because noone would take responsibility and get him the help he needed. (Bernadette) The issue of costs was discussed and it was found that in case of the small costs like petrol prices there should deduction from tax, or the organization should refund the costs or sometimes the volunteer can seek sponsorship: Out-of-pocket expenses for volunteers can add up particularly petrol prices these days. Maybe volunteer work could be seen as paid work by the government and petrol and other expenses could be claimed via taxes rather than out of the organisation’s ‘kitty’(Ken) Maybe if you’re a registered volunteer you should have concessions for things like transport. (Mary) But then volunteers can often take part in getting sponsorships etc.. to assist with costs or travel. (Grace) DISCUSSION References Rehberg, W. (2005). Altruistic Individualists: Motivations for International Volunteering Among Young Adults in Switzerland. Voluntas: International Journal Of Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations, 16(2), 109-122. doi:10. 1007/s11266-005-5693-5

Running head Business ethics an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Running head: Business ethics Abstract. With the rise and growth of capitalism as a mode of production, and the push for profit maximisation, businesses have surged forward into the corporate world with an aim of minimising expenses ( such as the cost of labour, and the operational costs ), while at the same time, maximising the profit. The above state of affairs has led to the massive cases of exploitation of citizens by the commercial world, leading also to the need to enforce business ethics. In particular, there have been cases of fraud which in turn resulted to massive collapse of renown firms such as Tyco International, Enron, WorldCom, Peregrine Systems and Adelphia. It is this state of affairs that led to the creation of the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act so as to bring in ameliorations into this tumultuous state of developments geared by human avarice. Need essay sample on "Running head: Business ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment today?Specialists advise: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayBuy Essays Online Write My Essay For Me Grab My Essay Review University Essay Writing Service However, with the enforcement of the business ethics and the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act, critics have emerged, citing the side effects of carrying out these stipulations. It is against this backdrop that this research paper has been written, with the principal aim of demonstrating how the pitfalls pointed out by critics can be sealed off, so that the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act can become more effective. Introduction. The Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act which is also known as the Public Accounting, Auditing and Investor Protection Act, the SOX or the Sarbox Acts was enacted in the Federal Law of the United States on 30th July 2002 as a response to the preponderance in the corporate and accounting scandals. Some of the firms that had been affected included Tyco International, Enron, Worldcom, Peregrine Systems and Adelphia. The scandals were so severe in effect, to an extent that billions of dollars of share prices were forfeited, leading to the collapse of these companies and the subsequent dissipation of the national confidence in security markets. The Act was named after its sponsors, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Oxley G. Michael, after that the Act was approved by a 423- 3 vote in the House and 99- 0 in the Senate. This development was followed by George Bush signing the bill into law, and thereby ratifying the most comprehensive American business reforms ever since the times of president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Act operates by establishing new and quasi- public agencies such as the Public Oversight Board for Accounting Companies (PCAOB) which is given the mandate of supervising, inspecting, regulating and disciplining all the accounting firms that assume the role of auditing the records of accounts for all public companies. The Act also bolsters concepts such as the independence of auditors, internal control assessment, corporate governance and at the same time, enhances the concept of financial disclosure to the public. Research problem statement. Critics such as Ron Paul (a Congressman), have countered that SOX Law was unnecessary due to the fact that it hands the US firms a disadvantage in competing with foreign firms. The critics maintain that the same state of affairs, brought about by the law has been responsible for the driving away of businesses out of the US. Paul in his April 14th 2004 speech in the US House of Representatives, was citing the report by the Wharton Business School's findings. The lucidity of these accusations are bolstered by the fact that research conducted by the Wharton Business School released findings that, ever since the Sarbanes- Oaxley bill was passed into law, American companies have been deregistering from the US Public Stock Exchange. At the same time, it was found that in New York for instance, the New York Stock Exchange had only ten new entrants into the stock market ever since 2004. Ethics statements. This research paper mostly employs the use of academic books that have dealt on the issue of business ethics. At the same time, thoughts that have been borrowed, have been acknowledged so as to both avoid cases of plagiarism (intellectual theft) and uphold the standards of intellectual ethics. All the above measures have been taken to account, in the bid to show clearly the fact that no proper business activities can thrive without the observation of the business ethics. Purpose statements. This research paper seeks mostly to show the need for the observation of business ethics in both the corporate sector and the public sector. This paper does this by analysing the setbacks that bedevil these sectors as a result of not observing business ethics. The research paper does this by analysing the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act under the context of the US. Thoughts on how to seal the loopholes so as to fully realize the benevolence of observing of business ethics are discussed also. Significance. This paper can be deemed as relevant due to the fact that it spells out the pros and cons of adopting business ethics (in this case, the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act) by delving into the American context. This is not an end to itself since this research paper does this, while espousing the dominant aim of encouraging the observation of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. The fine tuning of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act's modalities have also been dealt on, so as to avoid the inconsistencies and the misgivings that critics have towards the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. CHAPTER 2 Literature review. Studies have been carried out by different authors who all have different opinions about the importance of adopting the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. For instance, the Wharton Business School (Manz, 2003 pp. 75) in its findings from a research that it had conducted in 2006, maintains that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics has only been instrumental in ushering in plummeted growth and development of the American Stock Market Exchange. The representatives of this school point at the fact that there has been a lot of cases of deregistration of traders in stock market. The Wharton Business School maintains that this trend has been persisting, following the signing into effect, the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. The Korn- Ferry International in the same wavelength posits that the implementation of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act has only catalyzed the reluctance on the side of small scale businesses from entering the American Stock Market Exchange. Korn- Ferry International points out that this has been due to the fact that 500 companies have been reported to have lost an average of 5.1 million as compliance expense in 2004 alone (De Vay, 2006 pp. 121). In the same vein, Foley and Lardner law firms have as a rejoinder to the above arguments against the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act pointed out that the Act has only been very instrumental in increasing the expenses of publicly held or owned companies by 130% from the time the law was enacted. Foley and Lardner law firms continue that this state of affairs has also led to giving foreign businesses an edge over local ones, due to the fact that the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act hugely rests its burdens and injunctions on local business firms, compared to the foreign firms. Other economics pundits such as John C. Dvork (Hartman, 2004 pp. 84) also argue that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act leads to the stifling of creativity in the field of computer and technology. Dvork continues that this is likely to cause a downturn in the Information Technology sector. Dvork, a technology and computing journalist explains that this was seen in 2005 when the oldest and the most independent user group of IBM announced its speculations of closing down, citing the fact that the policies of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act was constantly exposing it to wasteful dispensation of resources. CHAPTER 3 Approach. This research study activity has been conducted mainly by analysing the scholarly books that have been written on business ethics in relation to the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act, and its underpinnings. Hypothesis. This paper has been written to prove that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a way of instilling the observation of business ethics is only going to benefit the US. This is to be actualized by showing clearly, both the pros and cons of adopting Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. Causative analysis. There are different reasons that stand in the way of effective realization of business ethics. Some of these reasons are: Additional expenses being imposed on the firms. High operational costs especially for the IT firms since subscribing to the injunctions of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act requires that these firms upgrade their systems. At the same time, these firms are expected to upgrade their systems following the fact that different non IT firms depend on IT systems and controls to implement the stipulations of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. The high rate of incursion of foreign business firms at the expense of local businesses due to the fact that the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act stipulations are country specific, applying much pressure on the domestic firms. CHAPTER 3. Goals and expectations. It is expected that the majority of businesses in America are going to do well as a result of having subscribed to the laws of business ethics. This cannot be far from the truth, especially if the measures are taken to seal the loopholes of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. At the same time, the citizens are also likely to be well covered from exploitation, upon business ethics and Sarbanes- Oaxley Act being followed fully. Expected outcomes. It is expected that full enforcement of business ethics policies and the fine tuning of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act will usher in the following accruals: Cases of fraud are likely to take a plunge in the business and corporate sectors in the US. The US business sector is likely to thrive as a result of the above gain. There is likely to be the restoration of public confidence in the American Stock Market Exchange. Growth of the American Stock Exchange Market is inevitable as a result of the restoration of public confidence. CHAPTER 4. Problem statement. There are many problems that are being realised as a result of failure to totally instill the dictates of business ethics upon the business sector and failure to revise the stipulations of the of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Some of these setbacks that are going to be encountered are: the departure of the US borne businesses from the business scene; the unproportional infiltration of foreign businesses into the American scene; and the collapse of the US Stock market. Description of selected solutions and calender plans. There should be the revision of the Title 2 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act so that the independence of the auditors should be extended to the private and foreign firms. All private and foreign business entities are to be subjected to the Title 3 of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Corporate responsibility. There should be the enhancement of the Title 4 Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Enhanced financial disclosure. The concept and practice of the Title 5 of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Analyst conflict of interest should be also extended so that it pervades the entire corporate world. The Corporate Tax Returns of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as the Tenth (10th) Title should also be stretched so that all businesses be made subject to its stipulations. CHAPTER 5. Discussions on recommendations. Revision of the Title 2 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. At the present, Title 2 of this Act authorises the independence of the auditors at the public sector alone. However, to ensure that the concept of egalitarianism is followed to the latter, the powers of the auditors must be extended to the private sector and the foreign companies so that these do not have an edge, at the expense of local firms and the public sector in a way that is not warranted or earned. Reviewing of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act Title 3. This act should be reviewed so that the observation of corporate responsibility be observed by both local and foreign businesses. However, since it is expedient that foreign investors be attracted, it is necessary that foreign businesses be subject to lower or manageable levels of corporate responsibility. Expanding of Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Both the public sector and the private sector- including foreign corporations must be made to send their statements of accounts at the end of every financial year for taxation, and for investigative purposes. However, this is only possible if Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act is abrogated. Abrogation of _ Title 5 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Title 5 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act should also be abrogated so that it is not only the officer in a business that belongs to public sector who is barred from holding certain portfolios so as to ward off cases of conflicts of interests in decision making. Businessmen in the private sector and foreign investors should also be subjected to such stipulations since these are also hugely prone to succumbing to conflicts of interests. Reviewing of Title 10 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. As stated in the third recommendation, Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act must be abrogated so that Title 10 of collective taxation of both the private and public, local and foreign investments can be realized. Conclusion. It is now clear that implementing business ethics and specifically, the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act presents both merits and demerits in the economic sector. For instance, one of the merits is that the American Stock Exchange Market is bound to grow due to the renewed public confidence in the stock market. On the other hand, if not properly checked, the implementation of the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act as it is presently, will continue to trigger the exit of the US businesses from the American scene. The above matter must be taken as a matter of grave concern by the government since it is likely to lead to the unfavourable preponderance of foreign investments over the local ones. However, since the above state of affairs have been shown to exist as a result of the loopholes in the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act, the US government must therefore be seen to make strident measures to ratify the above recommendations so as to avert this danger. References. De Vay, D. (2006). Effectiveness of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act in combating fraud. New York: Prentice Hall. Manz, W. H. (2003). The legislative history of Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act: Corporate fraud _ responsibility. Michigan: Michigan University Press. Hartman, P. L. (2004). Business ethics: collective perspectives. New York: John Wiley and Sons

Free Essays on GeoTrust SSL

I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview This GeoTrust, Inc. ("GeoTrust") Certificate Practice Statement (the "CPS") presents the principles and procedures GeoTrust employs in the issuance and life cycle management of GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates, GeoTrust True BusinessID Trial Certificates, GeoTrust Organizational Certificates, GeoTrust SecureMark Certificates and GeoTrust S/MIME Institutional Certificates. This CPS and any and all amendments thereto are incorporated by reference into all of the above-listed GeoTrust Certificates. B. Definitions For the purposes of this CPS, all capitalized terms used herein shall have the meaning given to them in Section VIII, Definitions, or elsewhere in this CPS. C. Description and Use of Certificates 1. GeoTrut Trial Certificates GeoTrust Trial Certificates are X.509 Certificates with SSL Extensions which allow a web administrator to test SSL functionality. GeoTrust Trial Certificates are signed by the Trial CA and do not require business authentication. GeoTrust Trial Certificates are not intended to provide identification of a Subscriber's server. GeoTrust does not accept any liability whatsoever in the issuance and/or management of GeoTrust Trial Certificates. GeoTrust Trial Certificates do not in any manner chain to a Thawte CA nor is the Trial CA embedded within any browser software. To initiate a test of the GeoTrust Trial Certificates, a web administrator must install the GeoTrust Trial Certificates on their server and mark such GeoTrust Trial Certificates as trusted within the test browsers. 2. GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates are X.509 Certificates with SSL Extensions that chain to a Thawte CA and which facilitate secure electronic commerce by providing limited authentication of a Subscriber's server and permitting SSL encrypted transactions between a Relying Party's browser and the Subscriber's server.... Free Essays on GeoTrust SSL Free Essays on GeoTrust SSL I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview This GeoTrust, Inc. ("GeoTrust") Certificate Practice Statement (the "CPS") presents the principles and procedures GeoTrust employs in the issuance and life cycle management of GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates, GeoTrust True BusinessID Trial Certificates, GeoTrust Organizational Certificates, GeoTrust SecureMark Certificates and GeoTrust S/MIME Institutional Certificates. This CPS and any and all amendments thereto are incorporated by reference into all of the above-listed GeoTrust Certificates. B. Definitions For the purposes of this CPS, all capitalized terms used herein shall have the meaning given to them in Section VIII, Definitions, or elsewhere in this CPS. C. Description and Use of Certificates 1. GeoTrut Trial Certificates GeoTrust Trial Certificates are X.509 Certificates with SSL Extensions which allow a web administrator to test SSL functionality. GeoTrust Trial Certificates are signed by the Trial CA and do not require business authentication. GeoTrust Trial Certificates are not intended to provide identification of a Subscriber's server. GeoTrust does not accept any liability whatsoever in the issuance and/or management of GeoTrust Trial Certificates. GeoTrust Trial Certificates do not in any manner chain to a Thawte CA nor is the Trial CA embedded within any browser software. To initiate a test of the GeoTrust Trial Certificates, a web administrator must install the GeoTrust Trial Certificates on their server and mark such GeoTrust Trial Certificates as trusted within the test browsers. 2. GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates GeoTrust True BusinessID Web Server Certificates are X.509 Certificates with SSL Extensions that chain to a Thawte CA and which facilitate secure electronic commerce by providing limited authentication of a Subscriber's server and permitting SSL encrypted transactions between a Relying Party's browser and the Subscriber's server....

Analyzing an accountant system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing an accountant system - Essay Example The owner still has a debt obligation towards his relative ($100,000) which when accounted for is severely impacting the revenues generated by the company, thereby resulting in severe losses. The expenses for the purpose of conducting the business are of random nature which does not explain the exact purpose of incurring such expenses. As an example, it can be cited that the owner of MTS spends 40% of its allocated advertisement budget on business lunches involving local theatre producers and directors and the rest 60% is spent on advertising in local newspapers, theatre programs, sponsoring local children`s theatre and delivering flyers to the community. No clear rationale can be identified from this distribution strategy. As is evident from the income statement, the expenses incurred from advertising and promotion contributes significantly towards reducing the revenues generated by the company. For a startup company which is highly leveraged, efforts are needed to be put in order t o reduce the obligations. The company needs to restrict its expenses behind advertising and promotion. ... This is particularly because these are the expenses that are most directly involved in creating revenues. As is evident from the income statement, MTS has incurred huge amount of cost of goods sold as well as administrative expenses with respect to the revenues that the company has generated. The company needs to formulate a more effective strategy in order to bring down the aforementioned expenses. One particular area that is needed to be highlighted in the income statement is the expenses incurred as a result of payment made to the employees. According to the case study, MTS is supposed to book $25,000 as expenses due to payments made to employees. However, the income statement reflects a completely different figure which is significantly higher than the actual figure that is required to be reported. This sheds light on an important concern. The concern arises due to a weaker internal control within the company. The serious error committed while drafting the income statement questi ons the credibility of the accounting official responsible for preparing the income statement. The amount recorded as payment to employees in the year is $90,999 whereas the actual amount that had to be reported was $25,000. Had it been the case, then it would have significantly improved the figure that has been reported in the bottom line. This highlights a massive loophole in the internal control mechanism of the organization. There is no perfect approach towards employing officials who are experienced in the field of accounting. This is evident from the fact that the accounting part is handled by a person who does not have an accounting background and

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of Essay

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of newly hired International Managers. What are the important points you would highlight in this report - Essay Example rights on a global scale, through the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) and the recent significant agreements that have been signed under the WIPO’s umbrella. Similarly, it is also important to realize the influences of the latest multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred such as the TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System) Agreement’s accession with the aspect of Intellectual Property (World Trade Organization). By doing so, one can derive the combined advantages of the practicalities of Intellectual Property Right Systems and the TRIPS agreement. The last aspect that holds immeasurable importance in the regard of the subject at hand is the telecommunication regime that is becoming increasingly directed by the evolution of Information Technology on a global scale. All these aspects come to together to have direct affects upon areas such as international air transport and global trade, the structural characteristics of the airline industry alongside the implementation of public policies and the involvement of the International Civil Aviation Organization in this regard. The discussion however would not be complete without an understanding of the framework that the General Agreement on Trade in Services provides under the flag of the World Trade

The Knee Joint Paper Essay Example for Free

The Knee Joint Paper Essay Of the joints in the human body, the knee joint is the most susceptible to injuries. Because this joint carries much of the body weight, and beside the fact that it was designed to do much of the human activities, the knee joint accounts for the most common joint injuries. Its two primary motions are flexion and extension, and a little rotational and lateral motion. â€Å"It is also because of this design that the knee is so vulnerable to injury.† (M. Mullin and K. Stone)   The knee has basically five major parts: the bones, the muscles, ligaments, cartilage and tendons. It is the function of the bones to support the knee and give the joint a rigid structure. There are four bones that make up the knee: first, the femur, which is also referred to as the thighbone or the upper leg bone. (University of Utah, Heath Sciences Center, 2003) This large bone is attached by the ligaments and a capsule to another bone the tibia. Tibia is the larger bone of the knee which is called the shin bone. Parallel to the tibia is another bone called the fibula located below the tibia. The knee cap or the patella is another bone that consists the knee which â€Å"rides on the joint as the knee bends.† (Center for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the function of the muscles to move the joint. The knee joint consists of two kinds of muscles: the quadriceps and the hamstrings. The quadriceps muscles straighten the legs, and are situated at the front of the thighs. The hamstring muscles, which are located at the back of the thighs, are the ones bending the legs at the knee. All groups of muscles are connected to the knee bones by â€Å"thick fibrous cords† called the tendons. (Mayo Clinic, 2006) Patellar tendons connect the quadriceps muscles to the tibia, which are the ones prone to knee joint problems called, â€Å"tendonitis†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bones of the knee are connected by ligaments, which functions are basically to stabilize and hold the joint together. These elastic tissues also provide protection to the joint by limiting the backward and forward movement of the knee. At the center of the joint are the cruciate ligaments called the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), which is attached to the depression in front of the tibia and â€Å"passes upward, backward and lateral ward and fixed into the medial and back part of the lateral condoyle of the femur.† (H. Gray, 1918) It is considered the key guide wire in the knee joint and is crucial for guiding the tibia in a normal path along the end of the femur. (Mullin and Stone) The Posterior Cruciate ligaments (PCL) protect the joint by preventing the femur from sliding forward on the tibia, and the tibia from sliding backwards n the femur. The media Collateral ligament (MCL) provides protection to the inner part of the knee and the lateral Collateral ligament (CLC) on the outer part. The C-shaped tissue called the meniscus or the menisci cartilage allows the bones to freely slide on each other. They serve as shock absorbers and bone protector. Around the knee joint are little fluid sacs called bursa. These sacs â€Å"help the muscles and the tendons to freely slide as the knee moves.† (Center for Orthopaedics) There are five medial bursas and four lateral bursas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The knee is prone to injuries and especially those who are engaged in activities that enable the knee to be overused. These people, most often athletes experience different kinds of pain in the knee joint as a result of injury, stress and wear of the joint. Common to athletes are the ligament injuries called sprain or the injury to the cruciate ligaments. This injury happens when the â€Å"ACL is stretch or torn by sudden twisting motion†, as when the feet are planted one way and the knees are turned another. (Healthlink 2005)   Football players often experience a PCL injury during a football tackle. Contact sports like hockey and football cause injury to the MCL and the CCL, where the said ligament is torn and stretch at the inner side of the knee due to a sudden blow to the outer side of the knee called a contact trauma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tendonitis or the jumper’s knee is caused by an overuse of the tendon. As the term implies, this injury is experienced by athletes who are engaged in sports like basketball, which require jumping and running causing a strain in the tendon. Dancers, cyclists, skiers and runners are as victims of this injury. With these activities, the tendon is stretched to the pint that it becomes like a worn-out rubber band and when this happens, it will swell. Muscle contraction happens after a jump or fall, and that repeated force causes strain to the tendons. What is worse is that such contraction, as when trying to break a fall, may tear the quadriceps muscles above and below the patella. Tendonitis causes a person to feel pain during running and jumping or even when in a hurried walking. Bending, extending and lifting the leg will also be difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A pain arising between the patella and the femur is called Chondromalacia, which is characterized by the softening of the articular cartilage of the knee cap. (Mayo Clinic) With this injury, the knee cap rubs against the thigh bone which makes the cartilage rough. As a result, the person will feel pain in front of the knee when climbing the stairs or when sitting for a long period. This injury is common to skiers, soccer players and cyclists who, among other athletes are prone to having a blow in the knee cap resulting to a tear of the cartilage. Such contacts can also tear off a large fragment of the cartilage containing a piece of bone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Injury to the meniscus typically results from â€Å"a twist or torque to the knee while the foot stays still.† (Mullin and Stone) A tear in the meniscus may cause the joint to lock especially when there is a flap of the torn cartilage. When there is only a small tear, mild pain and moderate swelling of the knee lasts up to 48 hours; however large lengthwise tear causes the joint to lock making hard for the person to straighten the knee.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Distance runners are prone to Illiotibial Band Syndrome which happens when the ligament in the illiotibial band becomes tight enabling it to rub against the outer portion of the femur. Pains caused by this injury are felt when waking and when going up and down the stairs. Also associated with running activities is the Osgood-Schatter Disease, where an inflammation of the patellar tendon is involved.   This injury happens when the tendon is stretch too much causing it to tear away from the tibia and in some cases takes a bone fragment. A pain just below the knee is experienced with this injury, and is however treated just with a rest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having the fact that the knee joint is susceptible to many injuries, experts advice that a person must always maintain strong and flexible muscles. The cartilage and ligaments must always be kept smooth and strong. Good diet and proper exercise are always on the list of preventive measures. Lastly, let us remember that anything that goes below and beyond normal causes problems, not only to the knee, but the body as a whole WORKS CITED    Gray, Henry 1918. â€Å"Anatomy of the Human Body† Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://www.bartleby.com/107/93.htm Mullin, Michael and Kevin Stone. â€Å"Athletic Injuries of the Knee and Shoulder† Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://www.stoneclinic.com/injuries.htm The Center for orthopeadics and Sports Medicine. â€Å"Knee Joint-Anatomy and Function† Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05001.htm The Mayo Clinic Staff. â€Å"Knee Pain† Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/knee-pain/DS00555/DSECTIoN2 The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. â€Å"Knee Injuries and Problems: Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment† May 01, 2001. Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://healthlink.mew.edu/article/92605352.html University of Utah Health Sciences Center â€Å"Knee Pains and Problems† November 2001. Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http://uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/adult/orthpaedics/kneepain.htm

The Many Faces of Culture Essay -- Culture

Defining culture has been a debate among sociologists and anthropologists since the 19th century. Culture is vital for the perseverance of a society and has its own identity that distinguishes it from others. Culture is not rooted into a person from birth, but it is learned from wherever he or she is from. It acts in a subconscious manner in that when a culture differs, one society may find another society to be odd. Every society has a different culture where the people share a specific language, gesture, belief, behavior, norms, sanctions and more. Language greatly influences how we see the world. Languages shape the way we understand some aspects in life such as time, direction, space and even causality. For example, while English speakers tend to say â€Å"Lisa broke the vase,† Spanish and Japanese speakers would tend to say â€Å"the vase broke itself.† These opposing interpretations may cause different understandings of how events are perceived. Language is a part of culture and a part of behavior. According to the hypothesis of linguistic determinism (Sapir, 1956), â€Å"No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.† Language and culture are so strongly connected that the precise understanding of the relationship between the two is fundamental in cross-cultural communication. Every country has a different way of greeting with one another and various kinds of gestures they share with each other. Gestures are the motions of the body to communicate with others and to express messages without using words. Gestures all vary around the globe and the meaning of ... ...e Coca-Cola Company is an example of cultural leveling because not only is Coca-Cola sold in America, but it is all across the globe such as South Korea, India and 200 other countries. The positive factor about cultural leveling is that it unifies cultures but the negative is that the cultural originality is lost. Works Cited Billikopf, Gregorio. "Cultural Differences." College of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley. 1 June 2009. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Jervis, Nancy. "What Is a Culture?" P-12 : NYSED. The University of the State of New York, 2006. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Wescott, Roger Williams. "Diffusion." NEARA Home Page. New England Antiquities Research Association, 2002. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . The Many Faces of Culture Essay -- Culture Defining culture has been a debate among sociologists and anthropologists since the 19th century. Culture is vital for the perseverance of a society and has its own identity that distinguishes it from others. Culture is not rooted into a person from birth, but it is learned from wherever he or she is from. It acts in a subconscious manner in that when a culture differs, one society may find another society to be odd. Every society has a different culture where the people share a specific language, gesture, belief, behavior, norms, sanctions and more. Language greatly influences how we see the world. Languages shape the way we understand some aspects in life such as time, direction, space and even causality. For example, while English speakers tend to say â€Å"Lisa broke the vase,† Spanish and Japanese speakers would tend to say â€Å"the vase broke itself.† These opposing interpretations may cause different understandings of how events are perceived. Language is a part of culture and a part of behavior. According to the hypothesis of linguistic determinism (Sapir, 1956), â€Å"No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.† Language and culture are so strongly connected that the precise understanding of the relationship between the two is fundamental in cross-cultural communication. Every country has a different way of greeting with one another and various kinds of gestures they share with each other. Gestures are the motions of the body to communicate with others and to express messages without using words. Gestures all vary around the globe and the meaning of ... ...e Coca-Cola Company is an example of cultural leveling because not only is Coca-Cola sold in America, but it is all across the globe such as South Korea, India and 200 other countries. The positive factor about cultural leveling is that it unifies cultures but the negative is that the cultural originality is lost. Works Cited Billikopf, Gregorio. "Cultural Differences." College of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley. 1 June 2009. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Jervis, Nancy. "What Is a Culture?" P-12 : NYSED. The University of the State of New York, 2006. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Wescott, Roger Williams. "Diffusion." NEARA Home Page. New England Antiquities Research Association, 2002. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. .

How media violence contributes to the violence at home Essay

People have always believed that the various movies and violent dramas that are shown on TV are just but entertainment. In fact, some adults who feel that since they watched television when they were young and it had no negative effects on them tend to think that television violence cannot be a contributor to home violence. However this could not be the case in the present world. This is because the type of programs that were shown in the TVs in the early years did not contain many violent scenes as it is now. Many television programs are characterized with violent acts like abuse and rape, criminal acts and diminished trust. Indeed many researches that have been conducted clearly show that the increases in violence in the television are having a significant contribution to the violence experienced at home. Furthermore, the media portrays that problems both family and social are to be confronted with force or threats of force The effects of the violent scenes on television vary in the adults and children. Children are the ones who are highly affected since they are not able to discern what reality is and what fiction is. This makes them believe almost everything they see as being what the real world is. The present lifestyle has lead to most children spending many hours glued to the television something which itself can affect their behavior. In fact many researchers have shown that both the adults and children who spend most of their time watching television may develop the following perception. First is that there is an increase in crime even if it is not the case (Media Issues). Secondly that they can overestimate the risk of being victimized by crime and lastly they develop fear of crime which in itself sees crime as something that is all around. Some get mislead that violence rarely has negative consequences. In these programs a very high percentage of the violence acts go unpunished. In fact in some, those portrayed as heroes never get punished despite their violent acts. Furthermore, too much violence in the television leads to over aggression among children and in some adults. This has lead to an increase in violent behaviors in the world majorly due to imitation. People who see those being violent on TV try to copy them as models. This character is common among children. Studies have as well shown that children who watch violent shows and even identify with the violent characters are about twice as likely to be violent as young adults. The studies have as well indicated that men are more likely to embrace the violent acts as compared to their female counterparts. Other indicators of contribution of television violence to the home violence include increased desensitization and heartlessness (Christian answers). People tend to be more callous towards those who may have become victims of violence. In this they tend to ignore or just take easy incidences of violence claiming that they are common occurrences in television. This normalizes violence making it to look like part of daily life. Furthermore, in this way it dulls the emotion response to violence’s and its victims. In conclusion the influence of the media content on people has been openly quite evident. Anyone would agree with this. The advertisers use the media to sway consumer’s perception towards given products. This is equally the same to violence in the media which can as well sway peoples’ perceptions towards violence. Due to the above points it is clearly necessary for parents to take action against the viewing of television programs. Parents ought to talk to the children about what programs are good for them and which are harmful. Children should get encouraged to spend most of their time in sports and hobbies or friends other than watching television. Furthermore special banns ought to be put on some programs that have too much violence References Christian answers, Violence in the media – How it affects families? Accessed on August 16, 2010 from http://www. christiananswers. net/q-eden/edn-f012. html Media Issues, Research on the effects of media violence, Accessed on August 16, 2010 from http://www. media-awareness. ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence. cfm

AN EXPLANATION OF THE THEORIES ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2041 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Every organization has its financing strategies to operate their business. The term capital structure and leverage are the similar terms that how the investments should utilize to manipulate the assets and the whole business in the long run. The essay covers determinants of capital structure with the help of trade off theory (Kim,1978; Kraus and Litzenberger,1973;Miller and Modigliani,1963) , pecking order theory (Myers and Majluf,1984), agency cost theory (Jensen and Meckling,1976) and Miller and Modigliani theory which are significant to determine the main factors of capital structure which are growth, size, non debt tax shield, volatility in earnings in the age of the firm, tangibility, assets valuation and structure, uniqueness and profitability. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "AN EXPLANATION OF THE THEORIES ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE" essay for you Create order The theories and all these determinants of leveraging structure are discussed briefly below. All these theories are very significant and has a great influence on the capital structure of organizations under their assumptions therefore it is very necessary for firms to make their capital structure under the light of these theories .First of all trade off theory is considered which indicates tradeoff between debt and equity along with the presence of debt tax shield and bankruptcy cost. While in the pecking order theory leveraging structure consider the cost of financing, growth and profitability. The first choice for the firm is internal financing rather debt which usually the second choice and the last one is equity. The utilization of debt proportion in the financing on large scale lead the firms towards agency cost like debt payments and interest on the principle Eldomiaty (2007). The fourth theory is different and proposed that capital structure can be build by equities or d ebt or no matter with both along with the absence of debt tax shield and bankruptcy cost, the company value is unaffected and can follow any financing policy Modigliani and Miller(1963) . DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE GROWTH Titman and Wessels (1988) give detailed about the firms which operate through equity finance have power to invest accordingly to maximize wealth from the firms bondholders. The influence of agency cost is very high for firms in growing surroundings and creates opportunities for future investments. According to Myer instead of long term firm should relay on short term debt which helps the firm to eliminate agency issues because long term financing than negatively associated to future growth. According to Smith and Warner cost incurred by agencies in the firm can be restricted if the organization issue convertible debt which may associate positive opportunities of growth. Sheikh F Rehman et all ,(2006) found that the higher risk could lead to higher growth .The capital structure and growth has negative relation (Archer et al ,1966 cited by Shiekh F Rehman et all,2006) but a few researcher argued that growth and capital structure can be negative or positive in relation and totally relay on long and short term debt ratios (Hall et all,2000 cited by Shiekh F Rehman et all,2006) the long term debt ratio is negative associated with the growth while the short term debt ratio react positive to growth. Further investigation also indicating the same correlation of long and short term debt components the behavior is same as above researchers that the growth opportunities react positively with short period debt and negatively with long period debt Bevan and Danbolt( 2000). ASSEST VALUATION AND STRUCTURE The structure and value of assets are different in every firm and the different types of assets can also affect the capital structure of the firm. Few researchers suggests selling of secure debts may result increase in the value of equity from the current unsecured creditors and the firm with assets can issue more debt to enjoy the benefits of this opportunity (Mayers et all 1977 and Scott (1972),cited by Titmans and Wessels 1988).The conveniences in debt financing terms for creditors may peruse the organizations to use equity. And the overall finding by few authors like Ferry and Jones (1979),Kim and Sorensen (1986) and Titman and Wessels( 1988) indicated negative relationship between leverage structure and asset structure. The main reason for this negative correlation is the need of lower tax shields when the higher fixed assets occur. On the other hand few authors argued that the relationship is positive between capital structure and asset structure and the main cause propose for this finding is both long and short term debt ratio are positive with short-term and long term assets (Brealey and Myers 1990, cited by Shiekh F Rahman et all 2006).According to Rajan and Zingales (1995) the higher non-current assets may provide the opportunity of debt at very low rates and create the probable chance to secure the borrowing with the assets. Another finding by Chittenden et al.,1996 also proposed positivity in the relationship between short term debt ratio and asset structure. The higher the ratio of long term debt can lead the higher value on asset structure and in the same way if the short term debt ratio is lower the ratio of fixed assets lead the higher toward the total assets so in short the long term debt representing the positive combination while the short term is indicating negative relation (Hall et al.2000 cited by Shiekh F Rahman et all 2006) VOLATILITY IN EARNINGS IN AGE OF THE FIRM According to many researchers the decreasing function of volatility of earnings is a measure of firms optimum level of debt .But the findings of Barton et all, 1989 exposed about the age of the firm can matter. The older or well established business experienced higher debt ratio and low volatility in earnings. Hall et all (2000) discussed about the pecking order theory that the mature firms can easily arrange the equity and funds which results them to not relay on short or long term debt facilities. Although the research of ( Shiekh F Rahman et all 2006) support that the age is positive in relation to long and short term debt . SIZE: Holmes and Dunstan, 1994 in their findings revealed that banks tend to favour large ventures as compare to small ventures. Cassar (2004) gives various reasons for relationship between capital structure and venture size. Smaller ventures as compare with large ventures have high cost of information imbalances with its loaners.the reason for this is that small ventures will not have accurate and reliable financial statements . Romano,Tanewski and Smyrnios (2001) in their findings found that in family owned ventures, size of ventures is positively related to both the amount of debt and equity use for funding assets. Fama (1985) suggested that there is negative relation between monitoring cost and venture size. Amidu (2007 ) and Titman, S and R Wessels (1988) they both had similar findings that leverage and profit have negative relationship although they found positive correlation between leverage and tax. This also supports pecking order theory as higher profits increase level of internal reserves. Although it has been noted that larger companies are now taken securitized debt rather than long term bank debt this is one of the reason that banks now gives long term debt to small organizations. Profitability : Modigliani and Miller (1963) argue that debt is preferable than equity due to the deduction of tax from interest payments. Companies that are high profitable would choose high levels of debt to get the benefit of tax shield. Some researchers suggest that companies prefer raising capital from retained earning then from debt and last from raising new equity. Barbosa and Moraes (2003) argue that it is widely accepted that there is negative relation between the concept of capital structure and profitability .Marsh (1982) argues that the need that if equity were increased from profitability then debt funding would decrease. Some authors such as Jensen (1986) have argued that managers would prefer a low debt ratio. This shows that there is less demand for debt financing when a company is profitable, it has less need for debt financing (see,for instance, Rajan and Zingales, 1995). Hall et al. (2000) use this argument in their study on SMEs, when they hypothesize that profitabilit y would indicate less need for financing from debt. There are some authors (see Roden and Lewellen, 1995 ; Gale, 1972) where researchers have argued that the relationship between profitability and capital structure is positive. Non Debt Tax shield Masulis DeAngelo devised a model of optimum capital structure that integrates the affect of personal and corporate taxes and non debt related tax shields. In their study they found the substitutes for the tax benefits of debt financing that are tax deductions for investment tax credits and for depreciation. According to them less debt is found in capital structure of those companies who have large non debt tax shields. Ratios that indicate the non debt tax shields are as follows: Non debt tax shields over total assets, Depreciation over total assets, investment tax credits over total assets. Uniqueness: In March 1984 titman devised a model in which bankruptcy status is linked with companys liquidation decision, this means that the liquidation cost which company impose on their employee and client are relevant to their capital structure decisions. The relation between debt ratios and uniqueness is said to be negative because of the following reasons: In the event of liquidation the company who produce unique product may pass its customers and client high costs.And as the product is unique the customers may find it difficult to get alternate product and the companys employees specific skills may become useless. Ratios that indicate uniqueness are as follows Quit rates ,selling expenses over sales Research and development over sales. R D ratio calculates uniqueness because companies that sell products with close substitutes are likely to do less research and development since their innovations can be more easily duplicated. In addition, successful research and develop ment projects lead to new products that differ from those existing in the market. Firms with relatively unique products are expected to advertise more and, in general, spend more in promoting and selling their products. Hence, SEIS is expected to be positively related to uniqueness. However, it is expected that firms in industries with high quit rates are probably relatively less unique since firms that produce relatively unique products tend to employ workers with high levels of job-specific human capital who will thus find it costly to leave their jobs. Tangibility: The effect of the values of assets on companys leverage level is determined by the tangibility of asset, In the event of financial distress the value for debt is higher than the liquidation value of the asset, the lender face low risk with tangible asset so thereford charge low risk premium. Loaners face risk of moral hazard and negative selection due to the conflict of interest between debt providers and shareholders. To measure the tangibility some author use fixed assets to the total assets ratio. Tangilibily has negative relation with long term bank borrowing where as short term debt elements therefore tangibility has influence on bank borrowing whether long term or short term. Conclusion Recommendations: In this heading I have given conclusion of this assignment I made above and I ended this by giving my recommendations. Many determinants of capital structure have been identified to be influential for capital decision making of the organization. Profitability Tangibility of assets positively correlated with long term debt. no significant correlation was found in total current liabilities. During 1991-1997, larger companies preferred long-term securitized debt instead of long-term bank debt (Bevan and Danbolt, 2000) But the latter result proposed that bankruptcy Amidu, 2007 research revealed information of Banking sector of Ghana, in his research positive relation between tax, earning and size and leverage where as negative relation is found between profitability and leverage.According to Titman and Wessels, 1988, that small companies prefer short-term loan to rely on rather than long term loan which led them towards high cost. Thus Small firms are unable to cope with long te rm debt financing and the only viable option is to utilised short term borrowing facilities with this assumptions smaller firms are more likely to be in the bankruptcy phase. Uniqueness is negatively co-related with debt component of capital structure however no association is found among volatility, asset structure and non-debt tax shields. Operating income, Growth of total assets Bankruptcy cost has negative relation to leverage on the other hand debt tax shield helps to increase its leverage. Hence in long term debt finance growing firms suffer more, relative to other firms.